Ts'ebetsong ea ho lokisetsa li-wafer, ho na le lihlopha tse peli tsa mantlha: e 'ngoe ke ho lokisoa ha substrate,' me e 'ngoe ke ts'ebetsong ea mokhoa oa epitaxial. The substrate, sephaphatha se entsoeng ka hloko ho tsoa ho semiconductor single crystal material, se ka kenngoa ka kotloloho mofuteng oa liphaephe ...
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